Learn all about the compass and find the right direction!

The compass is, without a doubt, one of humanity's greatest inventions. It is the navigation equipment that—alongside maps—allowed for great voyages and terrestrial expeditions to take place, enabling humanity to begin developing on a global scale.

This ancient item is so efficient that it can still be used today. Like many other tools, it has even been adapted into digital versions, but the fact is that the "original" models are the ones that can save you in risky situations, working perfectly even in hostile environments where survival concepts are extremely necessary.

To learn more about this incredible piece of equipment, check out this complete post from Cutelaria CIMO. Learn with us everything from who invented the compass to how the artifact works and how to use it. Master everything about the item and add this expertise to your survival arsenal.

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Who invented the compass and how was it created?

The Italian navigator and inventor Flávio Gioia is credited with creating the compass in the 13th century, having developed the structure around the needle that we know today.

But it is worth noting that, in the 1st century, there were already records in China indicating that a metallic needle rubbed against magnetite had the potential to point north and south.

It was at this time that the Chinese developed the Si Nan — a structure that featured a large iron "spoon" that pointed to the magnetic south — considered a prototype of the compass. The model we know today, prioritizing its practical use and portability, was indeed elaborated by Gioia.

It was the Italian who conceived the application of the magnetized needle on a representation of the compass rose with its cardinal and collateral points, protected by an iron structure that fit in the palm of the hand and was covered by a glass display.

How does a compass work?

The compass works as a tool to help you in the process of geographical location, always indicating north so that, from there, you can find the other directions to follow.

It works by reacting to terrestrial magnetism — resulting from electric currents emanating from nickel and iron located in the earth's core — responsible for attracting the magnetized needle to the terrestrial north and south poles.

It is important that the needle is installed slightly higher than the base (where the compass rose is located) and in a way that allows it full freedom of movement.

Thus, you can change direction as much as you need while handling the device and will always have the magnetic north as a reference for your location.

How to use a compass without a map?

To use the compass efficiently, you need to understand the concept of azimuth — an Arabic term meaning "path," which also refers to a horizontal coordinate in degrees, taking north as a reference. By recording it, you can plot your routes more efficiently and safely.

When you don't have maps, the first step is to point the direction arrow (also called the lubber line) to where you want to go.

Then, rotate the graduated ring around the display until its indicator aligns with the red tip of the needle, which signals north. Note the angle between the lubber line and the needle and proceed in the desired direction.

To return to the starting point, simply refer back to the azimuth obtained on the way out, point the lubber line towards yourself, and position yourself until the red tip of the needle is aligned with the indicator on the graduated ring. From there, simply follow the opposite direction of the direction arrow to return!

See also: How to filter water in survival situations

How to use a compass with a map?

When using a compass with a map, the first step is to mark your current location and your destination. Align the side of the device with the distance between the two points, with the lubber line indicating the direction of your objective.

After that, adjust the graduated ring of the compass until the instrument's lines align with the map's lines — also checking if the north indicated on the map coincides with the red tip of the compass, noting the indicated azimuth once again.

With everything marked, adjust your position so that north and the lubber line are aligned, and follow the direction indicated on the ring towards your destination.

Tips for using a compass

Despite the practical use of the compass with or without a map, there are some crucial tips to ensure both efficient use of the instrument and your safety during hikes and trails:

• Avoid using the compass in cars and near electronic devices to prevent interference from electromagnetic fields;

• Always use the compass (and the map, if available) horizontally aligned to ensure greater accuracy;

• Always consider deviations that may occur along the way, noting the angle differences if it's not possible to quickly readjust the route to avoid getting lost;

• When using maps, consider the map's scale — you can use the ruler located next to the compasses for assistance.

In addition to all these tips, there are also important guidelines to ensure safe use, such as practicing in open fields and easily locatable environments.

For maps, even if you are more experienced or have detailed and accurate cartography, the recommendation is to navigate in smaller sections, revising the direction two to three times per kilometer to ensure greater accuracy on the trail and, consequently, more safety for you.

Now you know everything you need to add the compass to your survival kit and, with proper practice and use, locate yourself precisely wherever you are.

Take advantage of your visit to the Cutelaria Cimo blog and also uncover the main myths about jungle survival, becoming even more prepared to venture into the wild.

See you in the next read!